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მეოცე საუკუნის თბილისელი მხატვრები

XX saukunis dasawyisSi saqarTveloSi mxatvrobis ganviTarebis istoriaSi axali etapi iwyeba, xelovnebaSi gardatexa xdeba. saqarTvelos socialur stru-qturaSi mimdinare Zvrebi da cvlilebebi mkafio gamosaxulebas pouloben qar-Tuli kulturisa da xelovnebis gamosaxulebaSi. sruldeba Sua saukuneebis qristianuli suliT gaJRenTili kulturis epoqa da iwyeba axali xana, rodesac qarTuli xelovneba Tavisi SinaarsiT saero xdeba da ufro uaxlovdeba mis Tanamedrove evropas. adgils ikavebs axali esTetikuri mimarTuleba da qar-Tuli ferwera realizmis gzas adgeba.

qarTuli xelovneba, kerZod mxatvroba XX saukuneSi ganviTarebis piks aR-wevs. qarTveli mxatvrebi qmnian iseT namuSevrebs, romelTa meSveobiT maTi saxelebi ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed mTel msoflioSi udides aRiarebas poulobs. saxviTi xelovnebis arc erTi qarTveli moRvawis Sesaxeb ar arsebobs imdeni azri da Sexeduleba, ramdenic TviTnaswavli saxalxo mxatvris niko firosmanaSvilis(1860-1918) Sesaxeb.igi axali drois qarTuli mxatvrobis erT-erTi TvalsaCino da Taviseburi figuraa. firosmani Raribi glexis Svili iyo. daibada kaxeTSi, sofel mirzaanSi, 1860 wels. mas jer kidev bavSvobaSi gamo-aCnda xatvisadmi midrekileba, magram misi mSoblebi imdenad usaxsroni iyvnen, rom SvilisTvis raime saero, miT ufro klasikuri ganaTlebis micemaze fiqric ki zedmeti iyo. mSoblebi adre dakarga. Wabukma firosmanma Tbiliss miaSura da Teqvsmeti weli sovdagars emsaxureboda. ferwerisadmi dainteresebuli niko mu-dam akvirdeboda fermwerebisa da mRebavebis muSaobas. ukve mowifulma 1880-ian wlebSi gigo zaziaSvilTan erTad cota xniT gaxsna abrebis saxelosno. male moSala es saqme, magram saeWvoa, am periodSi raRac xerxebs euflebodes, Tumca mtkicebulebebi ar mogvepoveba. Semdeg muSaobas iwyebs rkinigzaze konduqtorad. amasac male anebebs Tavs da 1890-ian wlebSi rZis nawarmebis duqans xsnis. am pe-riodidan ukve Cans misi namuSevrebi.

XX saukunis dasawyisisTvis Tavs anebebs duqansac da xdeba moxetiale mxa-tvari. dadis T^bilisis ubnebSi da xatavs duqnebs, e.w. gasarTob dawesebule-bebs, kedlebs, suraTebs da xatavda SuSebzec ki. magram, miuxedavad am yvelaf-risa, misi Semoqmedebidan mxolod suraTebis SemorCenili. kvlevis Sedegad ga-irkva, rom misi mxatvroba mkafiod sistemur xasiaTs atarebs, e.i. yvela kompo-nenti, romelic monawileobs suraTis SeqmnaSi: asaxvis sagnis xasiaTi, masala, kompoziciuri naxatis Tu koloritis xerxebi urTierTkavSirSi imyofebian, rac mxolod namdvil personalur mxatvars SeuZlia. e.i. firosmani garkveulad TviTon ayalibebs Tavis mxatvrul samyaros.